Manufactures various varieties of Indian - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5628 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION BAGGA DISTILLERIES Pvt Ltd is a 20 year old company located at Hyderabad, India that was set up in the year 1989 and manufactures various varieties of Indian liquor comprising different tastes. Looking at the market conditions the company was established and competition has been developed for the local industry to compete with various other brands in the wine spirits trade. Adopting the latest skills of production and marketing, this company established meeting the needs of the market and to stand the competition started other sub activities such as refinement and bottling on behalf of other major established brands of the Indian market thereby following the same quality and procedures with their consent in order to meet the growing demand and cater the huge local customer base. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Manufactures various varieties of Indian" essay for you Create order Maintaining high quality and attractive packaging has become a very popular trend in the Indian liquor industry within a short span of period. Further the company prospers to establish its firm worldwide build in more technology within the organisation and maintain the highest standards of quality, control and assurance adhering to self enunciated standard operating procedures. The following research project concerns the Critical Success Factors (CSF) in a project while it is off shored thus suggesting Bagga Distilleries (BD) the importance and need of its critical success factors. There has been a tremendous increasing interest pertaining to critical success factors in the field of project management. Project management offers a systematic and well defined structured approach to managing projects. The prime purpose of this study is to provide an in depth understanding of various critical success factors that play a pivotal role in the success of project as Bagga Distilleries (BD) have a mindset of off-shoring their business. Late since 1960s researchers in the field of project management have been trying to discover as to which factors lead to a dynamic project success. Tackling the human and organisational aspects of a project is through the use of critical success factors. Pinto Slevin (1988). Critical Success Factors (CSF) are those factors which if ar e not done right can result in failure of the project. In terms of BD trying to establish successful off shoring in an organized manner, it would never want to fail from a business prospective point of view. Avot (1969) identified the reasons for project failure and concluded that wrong choice of project manager, the unplanned project termination and unsupportive top management were the main reasons for failure. Since then there have been many authors who have listed the factors at times even relating them to specific problems and their associated types of activity thereby referring them to critical success factors. A good implementation process will help develop a definite set of critical success factors which if addressed, will significantly improve the chances of successful implementation. These factors are all about methods, skills and practices that are essential in order to plan, manage, lead and track the project from start till end and to assimilate the change along the way. Bagga Distilleries unaware of the obstacles it may have; finds it difficult while off shoring its business. Although many ways have been proposed to make a project successful but it is the implementation method that plays a major role in real time scenario. A detailed insight at the above factors will allow the researcher to achieve an in-depth understanding of critical success factors relating to risk management, quality, communication, project mission and budgeting which in turn would enlighten the factors for BD to off-shore its business. After this step the researcher will with all the gained information recommend and be able to assist the managers in allocation of proper management services. RESEARCH AIM OBJECTIVES Research Aim How does identification of critical success factors help to gain sustainability in the field of project management in relation to business off shoring? Research Objectives To critically review current literature of critical success factors in the field of project management, identify the key areas concepts and develop an analytical framework in order to support the research. To identify potential barriers and bring out the elements that contributes to the success of projects. To evaluate and explore the learning opportunities and isolate them in order to leverage the successful implementation of projects. To furnish a list of lessons learnt from the entire process and identify the importance of critical success factors in project management. To achieve the above aims, this will be a pure qualitative study involving semi structured individual interviews with various Managers and Supervisors in BD. LITERATURE REVIEW A number of authors have actually found the way for critical success factors. One among them was Pinto Slevin (1988) who identified some critical success factors in the literature based on theoretical and empirical studies that included Top management support, project schedule, monitoring project information and feedback, budgeting and risk management. Cost, Time Quality Remember Time is Money! (Benjamin Franklin, In advice to a Young Tradesman 1748, cited in Lock, D, 2000). Cost, time and quality trade-offs in projects have been the subject of research in a project. These have often been referred to as the golden triangle and are therefore used as a means for any particular project to be successful. Various authors have implemented different models for managing the time and cost of a project. One such model known as the investment model was developed by Majd Pindyck (1987) in which the investment flow is continuous and each single unit of money spent represents next stage of investment which in turn is because of proper cost planning. Another major aspect that needs to be focussed in a project is Quality. According to Turner, R.J (1993: 160) quality is often used to mean expensive, sophisticated or conforming to extremely high specification. whereas Field, M Keller, L (1998: 311) have described quality as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or servi ce that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs . One good example of a brand that would maintain quality would be Rolex. According to Barry Boehm (1981) cited in Bruke, R (2003) the cost of a project increases if quality is not maintained at the beginning of the project. But then Lock, D (2000) added, Crosbys (1979) theory of quality according to which quality can be achieved without extra cost and emphasized that quality is less necessary in the cost, time and quality triangle. According to Juran (1992), the steps to a quality project arrive from two distinct but interlinked phases i.e. quality planning and quality control. Quality is when it implies to quality planning, quality control and quality assurance. Hence the golden triangle cost, time and quality together ensure a continuum process along with joint effort. Human Resources Motivation Pinto, J, K. (1988) framed a project life cycle involving the four stages of a project as Planning, Conceptualisation, Execution and Completion. This proposed life cycle of a project explains how a project achieves its goals together with its implications and success criteria. Belout, A and Gauvreau, C (2003) criticized Pinto and Slevin (1988) that the key role in a project is played by Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is required in every organization in order to meet its needs. In each and every project it is the people who manage and deliver. It is also quite important to have team work coordination which would influence and motivate one another including all the departments involved in the organization. Relationship between leader behaviour and individual has three different theories, Transformational leadership, participative leadership and leader member exchange theory (LMX theory). Kahai et al. (2003) cited in (Jong, de, J.P.J Hartog, D.N.D, 2007). Transformational leade rship was opposed by Jaussi Dionne (2003) cited in (Jong, de, J.P.J Hartog, D.N.D, 2007) as they found a little effect on creativity. Belbin cited in Bruke, R (2003) acknowledged it was the low mental ability which stood as a factor for unsuccessful teams however Bruke, R (2003) contradicted this by adding the theory of negative selection which refers to the recruitment process. Project Manager and Top level support The most cited CSF in the project management literature is top management support (Fortune and White, 2006). The top management as a result of this must ensure proper support, guidance and directions to its project managers. This positive support will help managers to ensure team lead and help them take decisions. Top management should take action on request, assist in conflict resolution, and provide continuous feedback. (Kerzner, 2006). Also the importance of top management support has inclined its significance by the introduction of different models like organisational project management maturity model OPM3. (Paulk et al., 1995; Project Management Institute PMI Standards Committee, 2003). The first and foremost thing that the top level managers look for in a project is the deadline, reasons being bonus of the organisations, competitive actions and other methods of the dubious benefit. The above involves anxiety, fear and distrust among the members of the team. According to Dr. Sa muel Johnson, in a letter to James Boswell dated 19th September 1777 cited in Field, M and Keller, L. (1998) when a man knows he is to be hanged in a fort night it concentrates his mind wonderfully. Block (1987) cited in Graham, J. R Englund, L. R (2004), highlighted relationship in an organisation on the basis of peoples agreement and mutual trust. Project Information A well designed and structured Information System (IS) will clearly define all the requirements that a typical project needs and also explain an individuals role in the organization. According to Sims, D (1993) Projects frequently fail. Generally managers most of the time concentrate on the project rather than managing it. One typical reason for this can be attributed to lack of information being translated to the manager. This usually shows how much important information is to a project. According to Daniel (1960), the success of a project largely depends upon information which plays a significant role until its achievement till the end. Information is categorised into three broad areas i.e. Environmental, Internal and Competitive. Internal information: One of the critical factors playing a key role within an organisation can be its internal flow of information as said by Daniel (1960) a projects success is confined to its information. Competitive information: Also from an organizational point of view it is necessary for the organization to know its markets and competitors which would in turn help to understand their methods and plans being used. The above information helps the organization to plan appropriately. Environmental information: Although there might be very few organisations that might consider this factor but neglecting this would definitely lead to inviting problems both in terms of managing a project as well as the organisation. Such factors would definitely help an organisation to analyze its strengths and optimize its weakness. Creating Milestones According to Clarke, A (1999) practical use of factors helps to improve the effectiveness of a project. According to Henry Ford cited in Culp, G and Smith, A (1992) nothing is hard if you divide it into small jobs. Splitting the projects further into smaller achievable projects which would make it easy is a managers duty and helps to a great extent. But for this the manager has to maintain the reports and mention the activity completion on a milestone plan. Francis Tarkenton cited in Culp, G and Smith, A (1992) adds to it, the 80 yard drive is better than 80 yard pass. In short this is how one can experience small victories which will also increase the confidence level of the team. Risk Management A projects risk and uncertainty can be defined as a welcoming threat in a project. According to William James cited in Chapman, C and Ward, S (2003), the art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook. At the inception of each project it is necessary for the organization to have a look onto the major performance objectives Demeulemeester and Herroelen (2002) cited in Scatteman, D, Herroelen, W, Van de, S and Boone, A (2008). The first approach that any organisation would imply is to reduce the risk. In order to reduce and avoid this it is important for one to stay in touch with his team mates and supporters Keil et al. (1998) cited in Cervone, F.H (2006) mentioned that the project managers who constantly maintain good relationships with them in the organisation are the ones who tend to finish their projects on time which in a way also helps them to reduce the risk. Budgeting According to Harrison, L.F (1981) the basis for any project control system is project plan and budget. According to Maugham, S. M cited in Culp, G and Smith, A (1992), money is like a sixth sense without which you cannot make a complete use of other five. Also likewise budget stands as a basis for project objective and schedule. Each firm has got budget costs which are differentiated by Maylor, H. (2003) as materials, labour, travel and consumables. Hence each and every organization has got to maintain its budget in a record since it can keep a track of its cost estimates. All of the above factors would confirm that in achieving an objective and goal, well anchored and organized, the Critical Success Factors have an upper hand in moulding a successful project. Thus the researcher proposes that the Critical Success Factor (CSF) approach is a beneficial approach for the organization to achieve success. There have been various critical success factors at different levels of the organisation. CSF has been clearly identified and explained in detail so that every slice of the organization must demonstrate in order to assure success and achieve significant results. Thus the researcher would recommend BD to maintain the transparency of information to flow, maintain its budget accordingly, defending its potential barriers or obstacles etc while off shoring. METHODOLOGY Philosophical Approach to methodology The learning style assessment or questionnaire (adapted from Kolb and McCarthy, 1984) assessed the researchs style as an Accommodator and a Positivist (Refer Appendix 1). As per Saunders et al, 2003 the perception with which a researcher carries out his/her research is known as research philosophy and are classified into three Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. According to Kolb theory cited in Mangina, E and Mowlds, F (2007), an Accommodator is a person who relies on pragmatism and action, plans things puts them into practice and enjoys the new experience. The researcher in his research is going to plan things accordingly and examine all data. The researcher also enjoys adopting risks and is quite capable to manage them thereby adapting qualitative approach being a positivist. According to Falconer, D. J and Mackay, D R. (1999), a huge amount of research is conformed to a positivist epistemology. The concerned approach makes it easy apart from consuming less time and also helps an accommodator in carrying out plans and experiments. Being an Accommodator and also a Positivist the researcher will be able to plan and experiment new theories. The research approaches are mainly classified into three type namely qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method approach depending on the type of data they collect (Gill, J. Johnson, P., 2002). According to Hyde F. K (2000), the role of quantitative research is to ignore the particular and describe the general. Since the cultural, political and social construction in the quantitative approach is ignored, it is being criticised. According to Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2003), the research strategy is constructive, inductive and interpretive but the researchers using qualitative approach always do not adopt these methods. There are two approaches to acquisition of new knowledge i.e. inductive and deductive. (Yin, R 1984) defines the qualitative method of research as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon in its real-life context when the boundaries between context and phenomenon are not clearly evident and which includes multiple sources of evidence. But Wells ( 1993) cited in Hyde F. K (2000) concluded that any research is not a qualitative stage followed but quantitative stage but it is an inductive followed by a deductive approach. The traditional view is that quantitative enquiry examines data which are numbers; while the qualitative enquiry examines data which are narrative (Easterby-Smith et al, 2002). Qualitative research approach provides the researcher an opportunity to study and understand the issues in depth apart from enabling him to collect data on a large scale basis which in turn makes it applicable for this research to be conducted using the qualitative approach. In contemporary world there exist few authors who dismiss the qualitative research just as an explanatory tool but yet follow this method with success in planning and moulded conclusions when it concerns issues related to real life scenarios. A Qualitative method is a study of how exactly people go about the concepts. This also involves the application of one to one interviewing which acts as a main tool. At times quantitative approaches are confined to it but the necessity of structured schedules is open only for qualitative approach. During interviews the researcher will also bear in mind to maintaining the standards of questions. According to Cassell, C, Symon, G, Buehring, A and Johnson, P (2006), the interview questions focused particularly on how interviewees recognized quality in qualitative research Semi- structured interviews in particular allow the flexibility of the chronology of questions. Another aspect of discussion could be about the interviews that are conducted in qualitative research. According to Kvale (1996) the answers pertaining to a single interview are just not enough and therefore conducting similar interviews on different interviewees would provide an advantage to the interviewers which in turn w ould give out similar outcomes on at a great extent. Therefore looking at the above explanation the researcher decides to support multiple interviews which in turn would also help him in collection of appropriate data. Ethnography is something that has more attention than the participant observation. This bestows thick description as told by Punch (1994) an ethnographer is a research instrument. (Sarsby 1984:96, as quoted in Bryman, A and Bell, E (2003) Each field situation is different and initial luck in meeting good informants, being in the right place at the right time and striking the right note in relationships may be just as important as skill in technique. Indeed many successful episodes in the field do come about through good luck as much as through sophisticated planning and unsuccessful episodes are due as much as bad luck as to bad judgement. Validity and reliability play a credibility of qualitative method. Validity helps in understanding the intensity of the match between the researchers observations his theoretical ideas and reliability is what the members of research team agree to i.e., what they see and hear. The researcher therefore aims to maximize the understanding and knowledg e gained from the above data. Methodology conclusion The researcher thus intends to use a qualitative approach using the deductive and positivist approach and utilize the acquired data in a way to support the research which in turn will improve his ability of understanding. METHODS Individual Interviews Interviews in particular are one of the most widely employed methods in qualitative research. Information through processed data does not give a detailed explanation than interviewing people. Unlike Ethnography, method of interviewing has a complete access to all the areas of interviewing. Since specific topics related to the research are being discussed, Semi structured interviews will be conducted. Arskey, H. and Knight, P. (1999) the researcher will carry out individual interviews with the managers and supervisors (BD) to identify the various management needs. Interview Preparation The researcher will conduct standard interviews and proper scheduling shall be maintained. The researcher will study on the changes in critical success factors to identify questions suitable for the interview for which the information from literature review will provide a suitable platform to ensure proper designing. Interview Settings In order to ensure reliability it is quite important to keep in mind the interview settings (De Vaus, 2001). The researcher will count on each ones opinion to decide the location where the interviews might take place. If possible a location with calm, quite and comfortable ambience would be decided which also would ease the process of recording the interviews. Prior permission from the interviewees would be taken before the recording takes place. Interview Transcription and Analysis After completion of the interview process all the transcriptions will be uploaded and analysed using QSRNvivo (refer protocol 9.1). After loading the transcriptions into the software the nodes within them will be developed in order to make it for the researcher to review and triangulate the emergent themes. Qualitative Data Analysis A daunting and elusive challenge in qualitative research is to provide proper conclusions with supportive evidences. According to Swanson, R and Holton, E (2005) the prime purpose of data analysis is to search for important meanings, themes, and patterns in what the researcher has heard and seen. The process of qualitative data analysis involves collecting data in large amounts. Coding Coding involves the task of organizing information into meaningful categories. According to Swanson, R and Holton, E (2005) coding involves data simplification where the data is broken up and categorised into simpler and more general categories. This useful tool will divide the data into consistent categories thereby making it confined and easy for the researcher to formulate new questions by allocating data appropriately. Documents as sources of data In order to follow the frequency of changes in management such as when and how frequently were the changes made; the documents relating to them would be collected. The researcher will put forth his request for these documents and there is a possibility of the documents coming in hardcopy to which the researcher will then scan them. To gather the essential documents and data required for the research one needs proper access to the organization. Once the researcher receives the documents his main aim would then be to analyse and look at the changes in the organisation. Sampling Semi structured interviews will be conducted which in turn will allow the researcher to conduct an interview using pre planned questions and thus will have an option to change, choose and edit the sequence of questions during the conversation in the interview (Saunders et.al., 2003). According to Bryam, 2008 interviews should be conducted on people who make sense and are knowledgeable and who would also give an added value to the research. It is therefore due to this reason that the researcher has selected various managers, supervisors and employees involved at different levels in the organization that are to be interviewed. PROFILE, PERSONAL SUITABILITY Researchers personal knowledge and skills The researcher is a first class Computer Science Engineering (B.TECH) graduate from University Industry Hub- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. During June 2008 until December 2008 the researcher worked with SIERRA ATLANTIC INC as a software developer which helped him realise the importance of the critical success factors in the field of project management. In addition the researcher has carried out some small projects in software project management involving Anti-money laundering system using SQL and JAVA platforms at WIPRO Technologies during his final year of graduation that involved data collection and analysis skills. The above skills of data collection and analysis have provided the researcher with some knowledge and skills that might be useful in the relevant field of qualitative research. Suitability of the writers position in the organisation to carry out the research As the researcher has worked with Sierra Atlantic in the past and is aware of the requirements in a business to off shore, he is extending a helping hand in finding out the possible factors that BD need to follow. The links and contacts developed will enable the researcher to get the required data and interview the key people (management) on the research objective, as permission has been granted from the organisations end. (Refer Appendix 6) The researcher has contacts in this organisation (BD) at the management level to support this research. The area and objective of the research has been highlighted after consulting the management of BD. The organisation understands that the research can help identify the critical success factors of the project, thus the management has vested interest in this research making it easier to explore the subject by being a participant and by providing data relevant to the subject. With the help of his relationships in BD it would be easier for him to g ain access to the organisation and support his research. Research originality Businesses nowadays look onto their comforts to explore its business forgetting the need of knowing the critical success factors. One such business is BD who wants to explore and establish its business worldwide. Just getting equipped with modern technology and resources will not help the business prosper. Maintaining a proper scale of risk, budgets and proper management skills is what this research will make it understand the essence and its importance of critical success factors that it needs to follow. Not only this organisation but other organisations, who fail, lack proper attention in this field. PROJECT MANAGEMENT: PLAN, TIME and COST Project Plan A project plan prepared using Microsoft Office Project 2007 is presented in (Appendix 3). The project started on January 2010 and will finish by the end of April 2010. Certain aspects that are not in direct control of the researcher such as interviews might take longer time and this is the time when the researcher will head back home in the month of February. The required data for data analysis will be collected by the researcher when in home country (India). Part of the written up work will be completed in India along with interviews. The researcher will then produce written up work after returning from India. Resource Required Resources are prime essentials for research methods. Time is something which needs to be maintained by keeping track and could be assessed by the nature of the project. Also another major time consuming procedure is the transcription of interviews recorded. Recording equipment such as a camcorder shall be used to conduct interviews, which already has been approved by the firm as a part of the firms agreement to allow the researcher to conduct interviews. Travel to home country (India) would be required to reach the organisation to conduct personal interviews and meetings and in turn also access individual and confidential data that might be of relevance. As told by many authors that qualitative method is an expensive process therefore the meetings with the managers and supervisors of the organisation are scheduled to take place in the organisations meeting room itself. Necessary documents would be accessed from the organisation as discussed earlier in the methods section. (Refer Appe ndix 4 for consent letter). Access to other resources such as journals to get a detailed knowledge of the literature is required for which the academic library fulfils the above purpose and can be made good use of. The above resources will thus provide a strong basement and good foundation to the research and conclusions made in this project. OTHERS Ethical Issues The researcher guarantees that this research will be carried out in a safe manner and will cause no harm in any sort of physical or personal manner. Interviews will be conducted with the consent of interviewees and will be informed about the recording. All data and information of the body shall be kept confidential and will not be disclosed to anyone without the firms permission (Refer Appendix 5). The researcher will always make sure that the organisation is well informed about the reason for research, and under whose guidance is this being taken. The researcher will also make sure that no questions would be asked during interviews that would break the legal rules and the privacy of the organisation. Limitations Since the researcher is aiming to interview all the managers of the organisation, this would sometimes become challenging as the managers would be scheduled with their priorities and would not be able to allocate sufficient time for the interview process due to which there might be some delays experienced and would therefore become time consuming. PROTOCOLS QSR Nvivo procedure The interview transcript shall be saved in rich text format and the font and style set will be standard Vernada 10. All tables and illustrations will be removed from the documents. Documents will first be uploaded in the QSRNvivo folder and then into QSRNvivo project. After which the nodes will be created in the document and coded using a coder. Later models will be created which in turn will help the researcher to analyze the result. 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(2001), Research design in social research, London: SAGE EASTERBY-SMITH, M., THORPE, R., AND LOWE, A., (2002), Management Research, 2nd ed, Sage Publications, London. FALCONER, D. J. and MACKAY, D. R. (1999) The Key to the Mixed Method Dilemma [Online]. Available at: https://www.yudha.net/research/mixedmethod.pdf [Accessed on 29th November 2009] FIELD, M and KELLER, L. (1998) Project Management, UK, Oxford, Alden Press. FORTUNE, J. and WHITE, D. (2006), Framing of Project Critical Success Factors by a Systems Model, International Journal of Project Management Vol. 24 No.1, pp: 53-65 FRIEDL, G. (2002) Sequential investment and time to build, Schmalenbach Business review, Vol: 54, pp: 56-79 GILL, J. JOHNSON, P. (2002), Research Methods for Managers, 3rd ed., Sage Publications, London GRAHAM, J. R and ENGLUND, L. R. (2004) Creating an environment for successful projects, 2nd Ed, Jossey-Bass, U.S.A GUBA, E. LINCOLN, Y. 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What Is a Cob House Living IN the Earth

Cob houses are made of clay-like lumps of soil, sand, and straw. Unlike straw bale and adobe construction, cob building does not use dried bricks or blocks. Instead, wall surfaces are built up with lumps of damp cob mixture, compressed, and sculpted into smooth, sinuous forms. Unlike rammed earth or even poured concrete construction, cob walls are generally not built with wooden frames  Ã¢â‚¬â€ instead, special tools are used to scrape a thick wall into the desired shape. A cob home may have sloping walls, arches and lots of wall niches. In Old English, cob was a root word that meant lump or rounded mass. A cob home is one of the most durable types of earth architecture. Because the mud mixture is porous, cob can withstand long periods of rain without weakening. A plaster made of lime and sand may be used to windproof the exterior walls from wind damage. Cob architecture is suitable for the desert and some people claim cob is even good for very cold climates  Ã¢â‚¬â€ walls tend to be very thick, even two feet especially at the base, above the foundation. Small cob structures, like tiny homes and garden sheds, are very inexpensive Do-It-Yourself (DIY) projects. Its also the architecture of choice for survivalists and preppers. How Do You Make Cob? Anyone with even a little experience in the kitchen knows that many of the finest foods are put together with simple recipes. Homemade pasta is simply flour and water, with an egg added if you want egg noodles. Shortbread, that rich, crumbly cookie confection, is a simple combination of flour, butter, and sugar. Ingredient amounts vary with each recipe — the how much is like a secret sauce. The mixing process is the same — make a well (an indentation) in the dry ingredients, add the wet stuff, and work it together until it feels right. Making cob is the same process. Mix water into clay and sand, and then add straw until it feels right. And thats where the expertise comes in. When does it feel right? The easy way to make cob is with a portable cement mixer, which does all the labor-intensive mixing of the clay, sand, water, and straw. But a sturdy mixer can cost hundreds of dollars, so natural builders like Alexander Sumerall at This Cob House use what is called the tarp method. The process of mixing is like making pasta, but on a larger scale. The ingredients (clay and sand) are placed on the tarp, which is used to help mix the ingredients. Folding the tarp moves the cob ingredients, and the movement mixes it. Add water, and the fun begins. Sumeralls logo, a footprint with the outline of a house in the arch, makes a lot of sense when you watch his video on How to Make Cob — use your bare feet to mix in the water and eventually the straw. Put most of your energy into the heel of your foot to flatten the mixture like a pancake. Then use the tarp to roll the mixture into a form. Repeat the process until it feels right. Clay is an abundant natural resource in many parts of the world. It is inexpensive and has been used to build mud huts since architecture began. Clay will have different moisture contents, which is why different amounts of sand are used to create cob. The straw acts as a fibrous binder. To build a cob wall, balls of the mixture are thrown together and sculpted atop a pre-made base — a foundation that is usually made of stone and rises above grade by a foot. How strong is a cob house? When you examine the geology of bricks, you discover that clay is the main ingredient of the common building brick. Just like cob. The Cob and Thatch Homes of England The Dorset birthplace of British author Thomas Hardy is a fine example of the English cob and thatch type home. The thatch, of course, is the bundled reeds and rushes that are sculpted to conform to and protect the roof. On the Hardy cottage, the thatch is cut above the second story windows, just as the cob walls themselves would have been cut and shaped. Cob and thatch homes are most commonly seen in the West Country of rural South West England. Owned and run by the British National Trust, what is now called Hardys Cottage was built in 1800 by Hardys great-grandfather. Thomas Hardy was born there in 1840. The future literary icon was trained as an architect and didnt turn to writing full-time until he became an established novelist in his 30s; his poetry wasnt published until he was nearly 60. The writings of Thomas Hardy are heavily influenced by place, and a childhood raised in a cob and thatch home is not soon forgotten. Touring in this part of England will take any visitor back in time. Cob is Trending Building a small cob structure is a cost-effective adventure — especially if you live in an area with the proper natural resources. Plenty of books have been written (and continue to be written) to get you on your way: Building with Cob: A Step-by-Step Guide by Adam Weismann and Katy Bryce; The Hand-Sculpted House: A Practical and Philosophical Guide to Building a Cob Cottage by Ianto Evans, Linda Smiley, and Michael G. Smith; and The Cob Builders Handbook: You Can Hand-Sculpt Your Own Home by Becky Bee are just a few of the many DIY guides. Workshops in the United States and abroad will give a participant hands-on training before you take the personal plunge. Aprovecho in Oregon is a non-profit organization offering hands-on, experiential education programs for youth and adults. Their aim is to inspire a sustainable culture. So, cob is not as corny as it sounds. FAST FACTS — Definitions of Cob Cob is a structural composite of earth, water, straw, clay, and sand, hand-sculpted into buildings while still pliable. There are no forms as in rammed earth, no bricks as in adobe, no additives or chemicals, and no need for machinery. — Ianto Evans, The Hand-Sculpted House, 2002, p. xvcob A mixture of straw, gravel, and unburnt clay; used esp. for walls. — Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw- Hill, 1975, p. 111cob wall A wall formed of unburnt clay mixed with chopped straw, gravel, and occasionally with layers of long straw, in which the straw acts as a bond. — Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw- Hill, 1975, p. 111

Cuban Missle Crisis and the Realist Perspective Essay

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 brought the world closer than it had ever been to nuclear war. This makes the crisis one of the most essential events in international affairs history, demonstrating a great example of the realist perspectives and other important aspects of international relations. Primarily, the origins of the Cuban Missile Crisis can be readily attributed to the realist perspective. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy launched the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, which was a thwarted attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with assistance from United States armed forces, to oust the corrupt government of Fidel Castro. This failed operation had sent the US back into a defensive position.†¦show more content†¦This ambiguity led to the United States’ surveillance efforts of sending U-2 unmanned aerial vehicles over Cuba in order to investigate the construction of the missiles, which, with time, led to the mobilization of the military to the level of DEFCON 2. Kennedy expressed his discomfort in his November 6 letter to Khrushchev stating, â€Å"Not only did this action threaten the safety of this hemisphere, but it was, in a broader sense, a dangerous attempt to change the world-wide status quo. Secret action of this kind seems to me both hazardous and unjustified†¦ Your government repeatedly gave us assurance of what it was not doing; these assurances were announced as coming from the highest levels, and they proved inaccurate (Kennedy, 3).† The realist perspective not only played a role militarily, as previously shown, but also diplomatically. In Kennedy’s meeting with the Executive Committee of the National Security Council they discussed what measures to take after having confirmed surveillance photos of missile sites being constructed in Cuba. As a result, the Joint Chiefs of Staff decided a full-scale invasion would be the only remedy. This opinion was promptly rebutted by Kennedy saying, â€Å"They, no more than we, can let these things go by without doing something. They cant, after all their statements, permit us to take out their missiles, kill a lot of Russians, and then do nothing. If they dont take action

Essay The Self-Actualized Media Mind - 4558 Words

The Self-Actualized Media Mind A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write,if he is to be at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be.This is the need we may call self-actualization ... It refers to mansdesire for fulfillment, namely the tendency for him to become actually what he is potentially: to become everything that oneis capable of becoming ... -Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow, the famous humanist psychologist, believed in the theory of self-actualization. He was convinced that humans are capable of achieving high levels of intellectual and emotional existence, and he believed in human potential. In his definition and discussions of self-actualization, Maslow made it clear what†¦show more content†¦And if a person’s environment plays a role in the self-actualization process, what types of environments are most nurturing, and which are most debilitating? Recently the mass media has come into the spotlight concerning its effects upon individuals and their behavior. Some of the more prominent instances are related to violent acts and atrocities committed by youth, such as the Columbine High School incident and the Topeka child snipers. In both of these situations, the mass media, specifically television, movies, video games, the internet, and rock music were suggested to have significantly affected the youth and were considered to be direct and primary causes of the youth’s destructive behavior. Violence is not the only area where media influence is implicated. Media’s influence on self-image and self-esteem has also found itself in the spotlight. Research has consistently shown that there are direct correlations between young people’s media use and exposure, and their levels of negative self-image and self-esteem. Research has been done which shows strong evidence for the rise of anorexia, bulimia, and obesity as related to an individual’s media exposure. Other behaviors or psychological states that have been shown to be affected by media use are familial relationships, happiness, and openness to sex and sexuality. Most studies that have been done so far have looked at mass media’s influence on select behaviors and mindsets such as violence andShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Opinion Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages† and someone responded, â€Å"so you’re whelmed?† This simple and somewhat odd question caused me to think about things differently. I decided that the idea of â€Å"whelmed† can be defined as being completely content with the current state of your life and self, be it physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and financially. The idea of being â€Å"whelmed† caused me to wonder why it isn’t okay, to just be okay. 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Buko free essay sample

About the product Buko juice is a popular refreshing drink from the Philippines. Buko is a Filipino word which means young coconut in English. Buko juice is also known as Coconut Milk Drink. Buko Juice is not only satisfactory in matters of taste, but it is likewise cheapest among all beverages. The product does not only sayisfy the thirst of the customers, but it also nourishes and provides benefits to their body. In fact, buko juice may be better at replacing lost fluids than a sports drink or water. A study which was recently published in Medicine amp; Science in Sports amp; Exercise concluded that buko juice replenishes body fluids better than water. Another study showed that coconut water caused less nausea, fullness, and stomach upset and was easier to consume in large amounts than commercial sports drinks. Coconut juice is incredibly healthy and one of the best drinks to hydrate the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Buko or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Best in summer because of its refreshing taste. A. Ingredients Buko Juice from 2 young coconuts, approximately 1 liter 1 cup water A? cup sugar young coconut meat,  malauhog, (tender, literal translation, mucous-like) B. Procedures You can choose to drink it directly or stick it in the fridge for an even more refreshing drink. In our case, we cut it with a small amount of water and add a little sugar. We usually fish the flesh out of the pitcher too, and slice it into thin strips so it slithers between your lips with each sip. Divine. Served cold from the fridge, heavenly. Years from now, I know I’ll still be loving buko juice. And if you’ve tried some yourself, I’m sure you’d understand why. To prepare one is by using fresh coconut juice from the coconut fruit. First, remove the outer shell or husk of the coconut fruit by using a sharp butcher knife or machete until the middle layer is exposed. Crack open the top part of the coconut fruit. Pour coconut milk through a strainer into a tall pitcher. Straining will give you a clear coconut milk free from small particles. Take out the coconut flesh or meat using a lemon zester to shred. Add the coconut meat to the pitcher, then stir in water and sugarAdd ice cubes and serve. C. Target market Our main target are the students from Ozamiz City and whose ages between 15-30 years of age people. This group is young and they purchase frequently. How to Store Coconut Water Instructions 1. * 1 Pour the coconut water into an airtight container. As soon as oxygen comes into contact with the coconut water, it will begin the fermentation process. That means that its storage life is very short. * 2 Store the coconut milk in the refrigerator for up to one week. * Sponsored Links * RFP Templates for Schools Free Bid Templates for Schools 100,000 RFP School Templates www. rfpschoolwatch. com * 3 Discard coconut water that is more than seven days old, as it will have begun to ferment and taste sour. * 4 If you do not plan to use the fresh coconut water within a week, pour coconut water into an ice cube tray to prepare it for longer storage. * 5 Place the ice cube tray, or unopened cardboard packages of coconut water, into the freezer until it is frozen. * 6 Transfer the coconut water cubes into the zip-top plastic bag, seal and return to the freezer until ready to use. The coconut water will keep frozen for up to two months, similar to coconut milk. * 7 Keep the cardboard containers in the freezer and put them into a lunchbox in the morning. That will help keep other foods chilled, and by lunchtime, the drink will have thawed.

Reforms in Aged Care Australian Government

Question: Discuss about theReforms in Aged Carefor Australian Government. Answer: Introduction Aged health care is an important concern Australian Government. The workforce involved in the care of aged people play an important role in maintaining the health of many aged people in Australia. The development of skilful and qualified work force is must for the establishing the smooth functioning of the health care industry dedicated for supporting the lives of old age people in Australia. (Myagedcare, 2015). The main aim of this paper is to recognise the issues rising in the care settings of the old age people related to the workforce. The development of the industry lies in maintaining the workforce number through new recruitments and retaining the present work force. To improvise the present condition, it is necessary to have proper management strategies and good training packages to attract people towards joining the workforce. The sustainable management of the industry involves identifying the issues, strategies to improve the condition. Aged People in Australia There are several care facilities given by the care organisations of Australia. These facilities focus on the requirements of every citizen and are dedicated to provide the best care to all. Mainly two types of care facilities are presented by the Australian government to the older citizens: Residential care and community based care for aged people. Generally people opt for the community based care and then move ahead for the residential care settings. (AIHW, 2016). Residential care settings aims at providing the care facilities to the old people who care requirement cannot be fully accomplished in their homes. To meet the care demands and needs of such people, accommodation with all the required facilities are set up and the old age people are accommodated to these settings. The aged care organisations are determined to provide proper, required and easy to access care facilities for the old age people. (DSS, 2014). These organisations are formed to provide care facilities to the cit izens above 65 years of age. They also meet the needs of the disable people along with the old age in both residential and community care settings. The main priority of the organisation is to provide the person centric care to the old age citizens. The funds are provided by the Australian government to allow proper functioning of the care systems. Two Types of Care Facility As mentioned there are two types of care plans offered to the aged people in Australia: the residential care and the community based care. Community based care- People are shifting to community based care from residential care as per the new data by the AIHW (2016). As per the June 2013 reports the number of community based care centres subsidised by the Australian government have risen from 20% to 25% in the last five years which show that people are more inclined towards the care which is based in the homely atmosphere. This is going to increase in the coming years and probably will be 1 out of 3 in the aged care organisations by the year 2025. Around 57,000 people were recorded to prefer community based care where 2 in 3 were women and 2 out of 5 were aged above 85 years of age. There are two types of community based care plans which offer community based care to the aged people in Australia from 2015: The commonwealth home support programme (CHSP) and the Home care packages programmes. (AIHW, 2016) The common wealth home support system has been in action from 1st July 2015. It is formulated to assist the old age peo ple in daily life to be self dependent. The home care packages programmes are designed to provide the care to old age people in complex, well coordinated manner to meet the higher care needs of these people. The community based care programmes comprises of community aged care package (CACP), extended care programmes and extended care home programme dementia working to provide the care as per the needs of the individual. The aged care assessment team analyse the eligibility of the individual to provide the program which are best suited for them. Residential care system- It comprises of two types of care facilities which include permanent residential aged care and respite residential care. (Department of health, 2016). The permanent residential care is mainly for the people who cannot be served in the community level of care services. It is provided in high or low level of care, depending upon the needs of the individual. The care is provided considering the health condition of the individual in every respect. In high care facilities, nursing care is provided for 24 hours every day whereas in low level of care the individual needs accommodation and care. In respite residential care the care is short term with an emergency care facility to those old age people who opt for community based but they require residential care for some time. Work Force in Aged Care in Australia The data recorded from 1996 to 2001 shows that the workforce has shown a growth by 12% and from 2001 to 2006 it has grown by 23%. The standard workforce is determined by the number of worker per capita depending upon the previous history of changes in the demography, technological advancement in the health care, the entry and exit of the workers in comparison to the other countries, the working hours, early retirement and occurrence of diseases. (Scott, 2009). The number of workers in the residential care settings was around 202,344 in 2012. The number of community care in 2012 was recorded to be around 149,801. (King et al, 2013). Crisis in Workforce of Australia With change of time the aged care setting are changing. The present care settings are required to be more flexible, low cost, sustainable, giving opportunity to the investors and providing various career opportunities to the people. The major focus is to develop client based care settings to the people. (Commonwealth of Australia, 2016). The workforce involved in the health of Australian aged people consist worker strength of around 216,300 in the residential care settings. Around 356,500 workers were reported to be working for the care of disable, children and the providing social assistance to the people. (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2013). Out of these workers around 80% include women mainly working as part time workers. There is shortage of workers willing to work in this sector and lesser number of workers willing to stay in the field. If this continues the number of health care worker would reduce by 100,000 workers by 2025. Owing to the rising number of aged people in the resident care in Australia, the department of health and ageing in Australia reported that more number of health care workforce is needed for the care of old age people. This requires around 2 to 3 time higher number of workers compared to the present number in the year 2050. (Productivity commission, 2011). Also it noted that the condition of the aged care centres is in poor condition. There are problems to retain and recruit workers in this industry. (Department of health and ageing, 2013). The Australian government introduced a workforce compact in the 2012- 13 budgets, to provide benefits to the worker working in this field like increasing their wages. The new formed removed this policy and this proved to be a discouraging move improving the work force condition involved in the health care of aged people in Australia. The new government found the lack of funds in paying the higher wages to the workers. The decision had a mixed impact on the Australian unions groups. (Harrington Jolly, 2016). Effect of the Crisis The work force crisis and the ageing health care industry are creating many hurdles in maintaining the good health of the old age citizens of Australia. The poor management of this crisis could lead to the decline of the industry and will raise the dissatisfaction among the workers. It is estimated that the number of old age citizen having age of 65 and above will rise. The rise would be around 7.2 million from 2.8 million by the year 2047. As the number of old citizens is increasing the various cultural communities, the situation will increase the cultural diversity in Australian population of the overseas born elder groups. (2C risk, 2013). The issues related with aged workforce include the change of place, climate and the culture. The workers migrated from other countries need good support and training. Developing skills for good management and leadership quality in the workers is also required. The workers who work in the rural and remote areas require more support and better rem uneration. The health of the aboriginals is already poor compared to the other population groups in Australia. (AIHW, 2014). This is evident from the fact that most of the aboriginal people die at early ages. They mostly do not reach the old age. The life expectancy of aboriginal male and female is 56.9 and 61.7 respectively. Around 12% of the Australian population belong to the age group of 65 years and above. In this the indigenous people account for only 3%. (McIntosh Phillips, 2003). The common problem in the health care facilities is determining the health hazards while working in the residential and community based care. The ability of the workers to deal with the exposure to health affects the will to work in the industry. This gives rise to higher number absentees in the workforce, claims for compensation, health hazards that will reduce the work period of the worker leading to the mature retirement. The number of workers in the residential care services showed that around 54% of the s ettings were 1 or 2 on work cover. (ABS, 2011). The common injuries reported included strains and sprains, the superficial injuries on the body, muscle injury or chronic joint problems and stress or other mental abnormalities. The probable reasons for the injury are heavy weight lifting, pulling and pushing, being hit by an object or vehicle and due to constant movement. Strategies to Overcome the Crisis There is unremitting and efficient growth in the health care industry in the previous years, yet the need of getting qualified and well skilled worker in the industry for the care of old age people is a major issue. (Kelly, 2014). The recruitment and retention of workers to meet the future need also is a major concern. To improve the condition of the industry many new strategies have to be implemented. The growing changes in both community aged care settings and residential care settings require many new reforms to overcome the new challenges. As per the report from OECD, the Australian government is considering lesser number of reforms and strategies to overcome the crisis in comparison to the other countries. (Chomik MacLennan, 2014). To overcome the crisis the strategic approach should be - improve the pay wages which will attract the workers. -create and formulate the work to get more productivity from the workers. -enhance the support and coordination with better training to determine good quality services and remove the complications faced by the workers. - set up a ministry which can develop new plans and develop reforms which can offer new career opportunities in the industry. Development of technologies and better work place policies will improve the condition. - provide a better learning culture in the workers. - have a good management to satisfy the workforce requirement - Development of good training in regards to the varied cultural diversity of Australia. - promoting recruitments from other countries. (National aged care alliance, 2012). The planning in field requires meeting all the mentioned point in order to improve the condition of this industry. The lack of proper planning is evident from the sinking condition. The proper estimation of the required number with the better scenario analysis is required. The strategies should be made by comparing the current situation. Neglecting the problems of the workforce will pose a threat to the development of the industry. Owing to the current need, if the productivity is improved the burden of recruitment could be decreased to some extent. The lack of effective measures to enhance the productivity is a major hindrance in the determination of the output by health workforce. Promotion of researches to acknowledge the major issues faced by the work force in regards to retention or leaving the industry will help in managing the issues and prepare better plans. A study conducted to determine the factors which affect the workers intention to stay in the job or leave showed that n eed of good supervisor support, better work policies and good employment strategies are some of the major concern in the work force intentions to work for the old people health care. The retention was more in the community care settings by the workers. Age, health of the worker was not the major factor in this study to determine the result. This type of research and study will help in sustaining the quality of health care industry. (Radford Shacklock, 2015). Recruitment and Retention of Nurses The prime issues to focus in regard to improve the recruitment and retention in the aged health care involve low number of individuals in the undergraduate nursing programs and the ageing workforce in nursing. To encourage more recruitment and retention it is important to remove the negative perceptions that the youth regarding this job. They need to be informed with the new possibilities in career and positive perceptions about the old age care. To retain more number of nurses in the field it is important to give them job satisfaction. They should get the required support from the management and various opportunities which can boost their moral to work in this sector. A study conducted by Mbemba et al (2013) to evaluate the required intervention in order to retain and recruit nurses in rural areas shows that economic incentives with support from the management. Better technologies in terms of communication and information would help to increase the workforce. For the study they cond ucted a review involving various literature review examination of scientists in this regard from PUBMED, EMBASE and CINAHL. They described the required interventions which can help retention and recruitment. Following the interventions would prove effective and will bring a change. Conclusion The need of workforce in the care of old age people in Australia is increasing every year. The reason for this is the good quality of life and health of the people which is improving the life expectancy. The rising of aged people seek more number of care providers. The lack of the facility will affect the daily life of the people. To meet this demand enhancement of the care work facility is must. This raises the issues which is causing the insufficient supply of work force in the field. To overcome the issues the causes should be well established. After that the proper measures to remove the issues and generate satisfaction in the work force is must. The work conditions and better opportunities will attract the workers to join the industry. Good management will them to retain the job. Workers are the major factor to establish any industry which is related to care. Ignoring their demands and neglecting them can only lead to the ageing of the industry. This will hamper the growth of th e country and will affect the lives of many people in the country. So it is time to acknowledge the work force condition and demands to make effective improvement in maintaining better facilities of aged health care. References 2 C risk. (2013). Healthy workforce challenges for the aged care sector. Retrieved on 27 October 2016 from www.2CRisk.com.au. ABS. (2011). ABS, labour force, Australia, detailed, quarterly, November 2011. Cat no. 6291.0.55.003. Australian bureau of statistics. 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